The builders

The people who built Bitcoin

38builders, cryptographers, and cypherpunks — ranked by their historical importance to Bitcoin's origins. Every profile is sourced.

Satoshi Nakamoto

Creator of Bitcoin

The pseudonymous inventor who solved double-spending.

Genesis (2008–2011)2008
100

Hal Finney

First Bitcoin transaction recipient · cypherpunk

"Running bitcoin."

Cypherpunk · Genesis2009
88

Nick Szabo

Inventor of Bit Gold · smart contracts pioneer

Designed Bit Gold, the closest precursor to Bitcoin.

Cypherpunk precursors1998
82

Gavin Andresen

Lead developer after Satoshi

Inherited Bitcoin's reference client from Satoshi.

Handoff (2010–2012)2010
80

Wei Dai

Inventor of b-money

Proposed b-money, cited in the Bitcoin white paper.

Cypherpunk precursors1998
78

Adam Back

Inventor of Hashcash

Created Hashcash — Bitcoin's proof-of-work.

Cypherpunk precursors1997
76

Martti Malmi

Second Bitcoin developer

Satoshi's first collaborator on the code and the website.

Genesis2009
70

Laszlo Hanyecz

Bitcoin Pizza · GPU mining pioneer

Paid 10,000 BTC for two pizzas.

Early adoption2010
68

Stuart Haber & Scott Stornetta

Inventors of cryptographic timestamping

Their hash-chained timestamps are cited in the white paper.

Cryptography foundations1991
64

Ralph Merkle

Inventor of Merkle trees

His hash trees structure every Bitcoin block.

Cryptography foundations1979
60

David Chaum

Inventor of ecash / DigiCash

Pioneered digital cash and blind signatures.

Digital cash foundations1982
58

Cynthia Dwork & Moni Naor

Originators of proof-of-work

First proposed making computation a cost — in 1992.

Cryptography foundations1992
58

Marek "Slush" Palatinus

Creator of the first mining pool

Invented pooled mining; later built the first hardware wallet.

Early adoption2010
58

ArtForz

GPU mining pioneer

Built the first Bitcoin GPU mining farm.

Early adoption2010
56

Timothy C. May

Cypherpunk founder

Wrote The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto.

Cypherpunk movement1988
54

Sergio Demian Lerner

Discovered the Patoshi pattern

Proved a single miner — likely Satoshi — mined ~1.1M BTC.

Forensics2013
54

Phil Zimmermann

Creator of PGP

Put strong encryption in ordinary hands.

Cypherpunk movement1991
52

Ray Dillinger

Audited the Bitcoin code before launch

One of the few who reviewed Bitcoin before the world saw it.

Genesis2008
52

NewLibertyStandard

Set Bitcoin's first exchange rate

Gave Bitcoin its first price in dollars.

Early adoption2009
52

Eric Hughes

Cypherpunk co-founder

Wrote A Cypherpunk's Manifesto.

Cypherpunk movement1993
50

Jed McCaleb

Founder of Mt. Gox

Built Bitcoin's first dominant exchange.

Early adoption2010
50

Ross Ulbricht

Founder of Silk Road

Ran the marketplace that gave Bitcoin its first real demand.

Early adoption2011
50

Mike Hearn

Early developer · Satoshi correspondent

Exchanged emails with Satoshi about Bitcoin's future.

Handoff2009
48

John Gilmore

Cypherpunk co-founder · EFF co-founder

Co-founded the Cypherpunks and the EFF.

Cypherpunk movement1992
48

Pieter Wuille

Bitcoin Core developer

Author of much of modern Bitcoin's cryptography.

Maturation2011
48

dwdollar

Founder of Bitcoin Market, the first exchange

Built the first Bitcoin exchange.

Early adoption2010
48

James A. Donald

First public white-paper critic

Sent the first reply to Satoshi's announcement.

Genesis2008
46

Julian Assange

WikiLeaks founder

His banking blockade became Bitcoin's first stress test.

Early adoption2010
46

Gregory Maxwell

Bitcoin Core developer · Blockstream co-founder

Sharpened Bitcoin's cryptography and its limits.

Maturation2011
46

Jeff Garzik

Early core developer

One of the first contributors to Bitcoin Core.

Handoff2010
44

Len Sassaman

Cypherpunk · anonymity researcher

Maintained the remailers that made anonymity practical.

Cypherpunk movement1999
44

Mark Karpelès

Mt. Gox CEO during its collapse

Ran the exchange whose failure shook early Bitcoin.

Maturation2011
44

Theymos

Forum & wiki steward

Kept the archives of early Bitcoin online.

Early community2010
42

Roger Ver

Early investor & evangelist

“Bitcoin Jesus” — an early, relentless promoter.

Early adoption2011
42

Dustin D. Trammell

Early correspondent & adopter

Among the first to run and discuss Bitcoin with Satoshi.

Genesis2009
40

Charlie Shrem

BitInstant founder · Bitcoin Foundation

Built one of the first ways to buy Bitcoin easily.

Early adoption2011
40

Dorian Nakamoto

Mistakenly identified as Satoshi

A 2014 magazine wrongly named him Bitcoin's creator.

Identity hunt2014
34

Craig Wright

False Satoshi claimant

Claimed to be Satoshi; a UK court ruled he is not.

Identity hunt2016
32