Dossier
Satoshi Nakamoto
The pseudonymous inventor who solved double-spending.
Speculation, not fact — “Satoshi Nakamoto” is a pseudonym. No real-world identity has ever been verified — every identity claim is unproven speculation.
Why they matter
Satoshi combined existing ideas — proof-of-work, public-key cryptography, peer-to-peer networks and a public timestamped ledger — into the first system that let strangers transfer value online without a trusted intermediary. Every later development in Bitcoin descends from that design.
Profile
The pseudonymous person or group who designed Bitcoin, authored the 2008 white paper, wrote the original reference client, and mined the genesis block on 3 January 2009. Communicated almost entirely by email and forum post, never revealing a verified identity, and handed off the project before stepping away in 2011.
In their words
“The root problem with conventional currency is all the trust that's required to make it work. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust.”
“The existing Visa credit card network processes about 15 million Internet purchases per day worldwide. Bitcoin can already scale much larger than that with existing hardware for a fraction of the cost. It never really hits a scale ceiling.”
“As a thought experiment, imagine there was a base metal as scarce as gold but with the following properties: boring grey in colour, not a good conductor of electricity, not particularly strong... but, more importantly, can be transported over a communications channel.”
“I've moved on to other things. It's in good hands with Gavin and everyone.”
“It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.”
“Lost coins only make everyone else's coins worth slightly more. Think of it as a donation to everyone.”
“It would have been nice to get this attention in any other context. WikiLeaks has kicked the hornet's nest, and the swarm is headed towards us.”
“Governments are good at cutting off the heads of a centrally controlled networks like Napster, but pure P2P networks like Gnutella and Tor seem to be holding their own.”
“If you don't believe me or don't get it, I don't have time to try to convince you, sorry.”
“Writing a description for this thing for general audiences is bloody hard. There's nothing to relate it to.”
“The nature of Bitcoin is such that once version 0.1 was released, the core design was set in stone for the rest of its lifetime. Because of that, I wanted to design it to support every possible transaction type I could think of.”
“In a few decades when the reward gets too small, the transaction fee will become the main compensation for nodes. I'm sure that in 20 years there will either be very large transaction volume or no volume.”
“It's very attractive to the libertarian viewpoint if we can explain it properly. I'm better with code than with words though.”
“Bitcoin and BitDNS can be used separately. Users shouldn't have to download all of both to use one or the other. BitDNS users may not want to download everything the next several unrelated networks decide to pile in… Piling every proof-of-work quorum system in the world into one dataset doesn't scale.”
Timeline
The Bitcoin white paper is published
The Bitcoin project is registered on SourceForge
Bitcoin's code is reviewed before launch
The genesis block is mined
Bitcoin v0.1 is released
First Bitcoin transaction: Satoshi → Hal Finney
The Bitcointalk forum is founded
The value overflow incident
“WikiLeaks has kicked the hornet's nest”
Satoshi's last public forum post
"I've moved on to other things"
Newsweek names the wrong Satoshi
Concepts influenced
- The Genesis Blockcreated96
- The Double-Spending Problemsolved it94
- The 21 Million Capcreated90
- Distributed Timestamp Serverinfluenced86
- The Byzantine Generals ProblemNakamoto consensus84
- The Patoshi Patternevidence Satoshi mined ~1.1M BTC and never spent them80
- The UTXO Modelcreated78
- Difficulty Adjustmentthe ten-minute clock with no operator74
- The Honest-Majority Assumptionwhite paper §11: honest majority70
- DigiCash / ecashits central-issuer failure framed Bitcoin's problem56
- Crypto-Anarchymoney beyond the reach of states52
Important threads
- Bitcoin P2P e-cash paperauthored96
- Bitcoin open source implementation of P2P currencyauthored90
- PC World Article on Bitcoin / WikiLeaksauthored88
- Scalability and transaction rateauthored80
- Transactions and Scripts: DUP HASH160 … EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIGauthored80
- BitDNS and Generalizing Bitcoinauthored78
- Bitcoin does NOT violate Mises' Regression Theoremauthored74